Instrument Mechanic ITI Book PDF

• Trade Introduction
• Rules of institute
• Organization of the industrial training institute – ITI
• Instrument mechanic trade
• Instrument mechanic

Occupational Safety and First Aid

• Importance of occupational safety and health
• Accidents at workplace
• Occupational hazards
• Safety & precaution to be observed in the trade both during theoretical and practical (workshop) periods
• First aid
• Causes of fire in workshop and safety planing
• Environmental pollution related to the trade
• Personal protective equipments

Hand Tools

• General tools
• Bench tools
• Mental cutting fundamental

Precision Measuring Instruments and Screw Threads

• Micrometer
• Vernier calipers
• Vernier bevel protractor
• Sine bar
• Dial test indicator
• Feeler gauge
• Slip gauge
• Screw threads
• Tap drill size

Tubes and Pipes

• Types of tubes
• Tubing tools
• Tubes installation
• Pipe tools
• Pipe operations

Basic Electricity

• Electricity
• Principle of electricity
• Important terminologies related to electricity
• Electrical materials
• Determination of size of conductor
• Types of electric current
• Terminologies related to alternating current
• Electric circuit
• Earthing or grounding

Passive Components

• Resistors
• Combination of resistors
• OHM law
• Kirchoff law
• Multimeter
• Uses of multimeter
• Capacitors
• Inductors
• Impedance

Soldering and Disordering

• Soldering
• Flux
• Soldering process
• Care and precautions related to soldering
• Disordering
• Disordering process
• Precautions and care related to disordering

Cell and Battery

• Construction of cell and battery
• Classification of cells
• Differences between primary and secondary cell
• Grouping of cells
• Efficiency of battery
• Battery maintenance
• Precautions related to batteries

Switches and Circuit Breaker

• Switch
• Circuit breakers
• Miniature circuit breaker

Magnetism

• Magnet and magnetism
• Properties of magnets
• Methods of magnetization
• Magnetic compass
• Electromagnetism
• Electromagnetism relay
• Solenoid

Resonance

• Time constant
• Resonance

D.C. and A.C. Machines

• D.C generator
• Electromotive force (EMF) equation of D.C. generator
• D.C. armature winding
• Classification of D.C. generator
• D.C. motors
• Classification of D.C. motors
• Speed control of D.C. shunt motors
• Speed control of D.C. series motors
• Ward – Leonard system of speed control
• Rules related to magnetism
• A.C. machines
• A.C. motors
• Transformer

Transformer

• Types of transformer
• Transformer Ratio
• Transformer test
• Voltage regulation
• Auto transformer
• Instrument transformer

Electrical Measuring Instruments

• Classification of measuring instruments
• Essential of indicating instruments
• D arsonval meter
• Different measuring instruments
• Permanent magnet moving coil types
• Terminologies related to electrical measuring instruments
• Conversion of a galvanometer to an ammeter and voltmeter
• Range extension of measuring instruments
• Identification of full & scale deflection of meter

Measurement of Electrical Resistance

• Ohmmeter
• Earth tester
• Megger/insulation tester

A.C. Instruments

• A.C. measurement instruments and their types
• Moving iron type instruments
• Electrodynamometer types instruments
• Measurement of AC voltage and current using pmmc meter
• Induction type instruments
• Single phase induction type energy meter
• Three phase induction type energy meter
• Application of induction type energy meter
• Wait hour meters
• Ampere hour meter
• Induction type wattmeter
• Single phase moving iron type power factor meter
• Three phase moving iron type power factor meter

Special Electronics Instruments

• Voltage tester
• Continuity tester
• Phase sequence indicator
• Synchroscope
• Frequency meter
• Thermocouple type ammeter
• Rotation test

Basic Electronics

• Semiconductors
• Covalent bond
• Types of semiconductors
• P N junction
• P N junction diode
• Specifications of diode – data sheet
• Applications of diode
• Special semiconductors diodes

Transistors

• Transistors
• Construction of transistors
• Terminals of transistors
• Working of transistors
• Biasing of transistors
• Current gain
• Voltage gain
• Power gain
• Relation between α and β
• Applications of transistors
• Transistor circuit configurations
• Amplification on the basis of transistor configurations
• Field effect transistor
• Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, mosfet

Power Supply Assembly

• Rectifier circuit
• Filter circuit
• Concept of ripple
• Different types of filter circuit
• Voltage divider
• Voltage multiplier
• Voltage regulator

Power Supply Units

• Uninterruptible power supply (U.P.S.)
• Switch mode power supply (SMPS)
• Inverter
• Converter

Thyristor Devices

• Silicon controlled rectifier
• Triac
• Diac
• Differences between Triac and Diac

Amplifiers and Oscillators

• Concept of amplification
• Classification of amplifiers
• Effect of temperature
• Load lines
• Oscillation
• Oscillators
• Barkhausen criteria for oscillators
• Classification of oscillators

Printed Circuit Boards

• Printed circuit boards
• Components of printed circuit boards
• Types of printed circuit boards
• PCB lay – out
• Advantages of printed circuit boards
• Applications of printed circuit boards

Operational Amplifier and Timer IC 555

• Operational amplifier
• Feedback amplifier
• Differential amplifier
• Block diagram of an operational amplifier
• Parameters of operational amplifier
• Ideal characteristics of op-amp
• Advantages and importance of operational amplifier
• Applications of operational amplifier
• Voltage to current converter
• Current-voltage converter
• Timer IC -555

Digital Electronics

• Differences between analog and digital signal
• Number pattern
• Classification of the number system
• Conversion from one number system to another number system
• Binary addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
• complement
• Binary code and code conversion
• Logic gates
• Postulates of Boolean algebra
• Laws of Boolean algebra
• Duality theorem
• De Morgan theorem
• Buffer
• Digital ICs
• IC packages
• Applications of digital ICS

Combinational Logic and Integrated Circuits

• Digital adder
• Digital subtractor
• Magnitude comparator
• Decoder
• Encoder
• Decimal to BCD encoder
• Multiplexers
• Demultiplexer

Sequential Circuits

• Latch
• Flip flop
• Applications of flip – flop
• Counter
• Register

Digital Instrument

• Display device
• LCD display
• 7 segment display
• Light emitting diode L.E.D.
• Cathode ray tube
• Electroluminescent (EL) display
• Incandescent display
• Electrophoretic image display – EPID
• Liquid vapor display
• Dot matrix display
• Digital phase meter
• Digital capacitance meter
• Digital frequency meter
• Digital measurement of time
• Converters
• General purpose interface bus [GPIB] IEEE – 888
• RS 232 standard

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

• Cathode ray oscilloscope cro
• Block diagram of cathode ray oscilloscope
• Construction of cathode ray tube
• Cro panel
• Cro probes
• Special purpose cro
• Applications of cathode ray oscilloscope

Computer

• Basic blocks of a computer
• Computer system
• Computer hardware
• Computer software
• Memory
• Input-output interfaces/data interfaces
• ADC and DAC

Microprocessors

• A brief history of microprocessor development
• Microcomputer
• Definition related to microprocessor
• Microprocessor 8085
• Instruction formats
• Classification of instructions
• Assembly language programming
• Programmable peripheral interface PPI 8255
• Applications of microprocessor

Basic Concept of Measurement

• Scope and necessity of instrumentation
• Concept of measurement
• Types of measurement
• Block diagram of measurement system
• Standards of measurement
• Units of measurement
• Systems of units
• Multiplying factors
• Various standards

Performance Characteristics and Statistical Analysis

• Static characteristics
• Dynamic characteristics
• Types of errors
• Certainty, uncertainty and validity of the result
• Measuring system response
• Damping and its importance
• Statistical analysis

Strain Measurement

• Factors affecting strain measurement
• Strain gauge
• Load cell
• Linear variable differential transducer
• Rotary variable differential transducer RVDT

Measurement of Speed

• Types of speed
• Vibrometer
• Tachometer
• Speedometer
• Seismic instruments

Pressure Measurement

• Units of pressure and their conversion
• Properties of matter
• Density
• Specific gravity
• Volume
• Principle of pressure in gases
• Pressure in liquids
• Type of pressure
• Barometer
• Manometer
• Pressure sensing elements
• Pressure switch

Electric Pressure Transducers

• Electric pressure transducers
• Types of electric pressure transducer

Low Pressure Measurement

• McLeod gauge
• Thermal conductivity gauge
• Ionization gauge
• Slack diaphragm gauge
• Capacitance manometer gauge
• Calibration of pressure instruments

Installation and Servicing of Pressure Instruments

• Pressure transmitters
• Elements of pressure transmitters
• Installation components
• Piping connections and fittings of instruments
• Locating installation and mounting of pressure instruments
• Electrical wiring connection of electronic pressure measurement instruments
• Guidelines for periodic maintenance of instruments
• Troubleshooting and repairing related instruments
• Safety of instruments shop

Flow of Fluids

• Fluids
• Basic properties of fluids
• Fluid motion
• Flow of fluids
• Factors affecting flow rate
• Reynolds numbers
• Relation between flow rate, pressure, quantity and area
• Types of flow meters
• Open channel flowmeters

Different Flowmeters

• Positive displacement meter
• Inferential flowmeters
• Mass flow measurement type flowmeter
• Beam deflection method
• Ultrasonic flow measurement by frequency difference method
• Metering the flow of solid particles
• Measurement of volumetric and mass flow rate of solids
• Volumetric solids flowmeter
• Belt type solid meter
• Slurry flowmeters
• Constant weight feeders
• Calibration of flowmeters

Level Measurements

• Points to be considered during level measurement
• Types of level measurements
• Surface sensing gauges
• Storage tank gauges
• Factors to be considered in open and closed channel level measurement
• Level switch
• Mercury level switches
• Magnetic reed switches
• Level detectors
• Methods of liquid level measurement
• Ultrasonic level detector
• Zero and span adjustment
• Point level detection
• Solid level measurement

Temperature measurement

• Heat
• Change of state
• Temperature
• Scales of temperature measurement
• Calibration of temperature scales
• Industrial applications of temperature measuring instruments
• Methods of temperature measurement

Temperature Measurement Instruments

• Resistance thermometer / resistance temperature detector (RTD)
• Protecting well for RTD
• Thermistor
• Thermocouple
• Pyrometry

Recorders

• Graphic recorders
• Strip chart recorders
• Circular chart recorder
• Pneumatic recorder
• Galvanometric recorder

Final Control Elements

• Pneumatic valve
• Load set point compensation
• Feedback loops
• Control variables
• Effect of disturbance on the performance of the system
• Parts of final control sub – system
• Control single
• Actuator
• Positioner
• Relationship between pressure, volume and temperature

Control Valves

• Control valve
• Valve flow characteristics
• Globe/plug valve
• Gauge valve
• Butterfly valve
• Ball valve
• Sliding gate valve
• Diaphragm valve
• Split body valve
• Gauge valve
• Check valve
• Spool valve
• Positioned disc valve
• Plate and disc valve
• Block valve
• Automatic control valve
• Throttle valve governor valve
• Proximity switches
• Limit switch
• Mechanical considerations for control valve
• Valve Positioner
• Feedwater control system
• Sequential valve control
• The relay used in the final control element
• Activators
• Turbine control system
• Normally open and normally closed valve
• Needle valve
• Flow rating
• Valve symbols
• Hydraulic motors

Controllers

• Basic block diagram of control system
• Advantages of control system
• Process variable and setpoint
• Controller modes and tuning
• Types of controllers
• Control loop measurement by process variable
• Types of control systems in controllers
• Comparison between pneumatic and electronic control system
• Communication protocol

Programmable Logic Controller PLC

• Programmable logic controller plc
• History of plc
• Characteristics of plc
• Limitations of plc
• Architecture of plc
• Operation of plc
• Functions of plc
• Memory organisation
• Input / output interface
• Methods of developing plc programming
• Data logger
• Opto isolators
• Programming symbol of plc
• Safety programmable controllers
• Data manipulation instructions

Hart Communication

• Digital control system
• Need for smart devices
• Hart transmitter
• Hart protocol
• Working of hart devices or hart protocol
• Advantages and applications of hart devices
• Hart communicator
• Hart system configuration
• Calibration of hart devices
• Fundamentals of communication system
• Modulation
• Demodulation
• Single noise ratio

Computer Networking

• Networking
• Point to point networking
• Multi-point networking
• Networking topologies
• Redundant network
• TCP/IP network protocol
• Cable
• Cable connector

SCADA and DCS System

• Scada system
• Distributed control system – dcs
• Initial dcs
• Scada architecture
• Components of scada
• Communication network
• Applications of scada

Field Bus Based Control System

• History and architecture of field bus
• Future of field bus and its advantage
• Basic block diagram and working of field bus
• The workstation of field bus
• Human machine interface
• Controllers
• Field bus interfacing modules
• Gateway
• Network manager
• Input/output modules
• Field bus devices and types of field buses
• Remote transmission panel
• Ethernet
• Field bus power supply and its function
• Digital communication
• Multidrop communication
• Redundancy
• Uses of field bus in future

Hydraulic Fluid System

• Hydraulic engineering
• Hydrostatic pressure
• Pascal law
• Bernoulli theorem
• Fluid flow in pipes
• Hydraulic power system
• Transmission of fluid power
• Hydraulic fluid
• Functions of hydraulic fluid
• Properties of hydraulic fluid
• Selection of hydraulic fluid
• Selection of components of hydraulic system
• Contamination
• Drawbacks of hydraulic fluid
• Effect of heat on fluids

Pneumatic System

• Pneumatic power system
• Terms used in pneumatic system
• Law of pneumatics
• Bernoulli’s law
• Properties of air
• Viscosity of air
• The flow of air in pipelines
• Transmission of fluid power in pneumatic system
• Pneumatic leverage

Air Treatment

• Air treatment
• Primary air treatment
• Relative humidity
• Dew point
• Effect of moisture
• Secondary air treatment
• Depth filter
• Absorption filter

Pipe and Tube Installation

• Piping and tubing
• Requirement o piping
• Piping tools
• System air flow
• Pipe dimensions and safety factor
• Pipe connections/pipe joint
• Compressed air piping applications
• Hoses
• Hose fitting
• Hose coupling
• Hose installations
• Tube
• Metallic tubing
• Tube bending
• Tube fitting
• Non metallic tubing

Analytical Instruments

• Analytical instruments
• Ph electrode
• Relation between pH and mV
• Ph indicator
• Ph controller
• Conductivity meterDissolved oxygen meter